Izabela Adamczyk
Abstract:
Worn out car tires and plastic from food wrappings constitute a problematic waste. They pollute the environment and management of such waste is important both ecologically and economically as it protects the environment, and reduces the costs of acquiring components to produce different materials. In this article, the results of testing modified concrete are shown. The concrete was modified with a mixture of supplements in the form of the pre-mentioned materials. The car tires provided, upon processing, rubber granules SBR of the following fractions: 0÷1 mm, 0.8÷2 mm, 2÷4 mm. Plastics of polyethylene terephthalate were used in the form of PET flakes. Six concrete series were generated where 10% of the cement mass was replaced with the supplement mixture. Tests of the texture and compression strength of a modified concrete mixture were conducted after 7, 14, and 28 days. All the series of concrete shared satisfactory homogeneousness of decomposition in the particular components. The strength tests proved that the application of rubber granules SBR and PET flakes in the form of a supplement mixture obtains a concrete strength of about 40 MPa.
Keywords:
plastics; rubber granules; concrete
The importance of green public procurement on the example of construction investments and transport
Dorota Burchart-Korol
Abstract:
The article presents the importance of green public procurement in accordance with the European Union new guidelines for construction investments and road transport as priority areas. Attention was drawn to new requirements in line with the European Commission guidelines on the legal aspects of green public procurement and environmental criteria in the life cycle of buildings and vehicles for green public procurement were presented. The main initiatives that should be taken in the areas of construction and transport to meet the criteria of green public procurement were also indicated.
Keywords:
green public procurement; construction investments; road transport
The influence of the Potsdam City Palace reconstruction on the modern Potsdam historical center
И.С. Чередина, Е.Ю. Рыбакова
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the restoration of the city palace - one of the main attractions of Potsdam. Its role in the formation of the historic city center was considered. Restored within the borders of the lost structure and in its style with the inclusion of preserved details and sculptures, the Potsdam Palace demonstrated the possible application of Berlin’s “critical reconstruction” techniques to preserve the city’s appearance as a part of the historical heritage.
Keywords:
historical heritage; Potsdam Palace; Berlin; architecture; “critical reconstruction”
Roman Gąćkowski
Abstract:
Designing industrial buildings that use prefabricated ceilings made of TT slabs, is a complex issue. In professional practice, typical (catalog) TT floor solutions are used in production lines, warehouse buildings and cement plants. The article presents a comparative analysis of a cross-section of the prefabricated ceiling span, pre-tensioned pre-stressed, slab-rib type TT ceiling in an industrial building with a mullion and transom structure. The prefabricated TT slabs are produced from reinforced concrete beams. The slabs width is constant at 240 cm and the span is assumed to be 12.0 meters. The subject of structural analysis is the selection of an appropriate cross-section of the prefabricated element, the amount of pre-stressing reinforcement required, the concrete class, and on this basis, check the load limits ULS and serviceability limit SLS according to applicable Eurocodes. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the adopted computational model and carried out detailed strength calculations.
Keywords:
TT type prefabricated ceilings; TT prefabricated slabs; pre-tensioned pre-stressed elements
Татьяна Георгиевна Горанская
Abstract:
Now, „authenticity” is one of the main debate issues of restoration theory and practice. The article presents the dynamics of interpretations of this concept (hereinafter referred to as „authenticity") in the history of European culture (Part I) and defines modern directions in its interpretation in the humanities (Part II). It is shown that the concept of „authenticity” changes over time, differs in various cultural traditions, due to the worldview of a particular historical era, as well as the evolution of a person’s attitude to his environment. Two approaches to the interpretation of the „authenticity of the architectural heritage” are distinguished: the historical one, the basis of which is the understanding of the architectural monument as documentary evidence of the past and the connection of the times, and the structural one, which rejects the continuity and ... the possibility of „replacing” fragments of the whole.
Keywords:
authenticity; architectural heritage
Finite-element model of electrocontact sintering of straightening dies for construction fittings
Г.Г. Горанский, А.И. Поболь
Abstract:
A mathematical model of the process of electrocontact sintering of carbide compositions in the manufacture of straightening dies of construction fittings has been developed. The model allows to calculate the compression of the compact, the diagram of the layer-by-layer density distribution, the diagrams of temperature and pressure fields, the distribution of current density over the cross-section of the compact and its change depending on the relative density. The analytical dependences, tested in the model, are extended to arbitrary geometry of the dies, using finite element modeling with adjustment of material properties according to analytical dependencies, based on the density of pressing. An assessment of the adequacy of the model was carried out by the compressibility curve. The results of calculations proved and experimentally confirmed the effect of reducing the thermobaric parameters of compacting the sintered carbide composition, when it is modified with a thermosetting additive, which increased the resistance of ceramic molds and reduced the percentage of rejects by 40%. The tensile radial deformations along the conical surface of the die blank are predicted.
Keywords:
mathematical model; electrocontact sintering; straightening dies
New optimization algorithms and their application for 2D truss structures
Maksym Grzywiński, Tayfun Dede
Abstract:
In this study, two new algorithms named Rao-1 and Rao-2 are presented for the optimization of 2D truss structures. The main purpose of the optimization algorithms, used in this study, is to minimize the total weight of the truss structure. When carrying out this purpose, the allowable displacement and stress are taken into account as the constraints. The design variables are the cross-sectional areas of the steel truss bar elements. To calculate the structural response, the finite element analysis is coded in MATLAB. The optimal results obtained in this study are compared with those given in the literature in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Keywords:
optimization; Rao-1 and Rao-2 algorithm; 2D truss; structural analysis
Forming of the optimal parameters complex for the production process by means of FlexSim
Olena Gumen, Solomiya Ljaskovska, Adam Ujma
Abstract:
Global competition is setting new rules for the release and sale of products. Success is possible thanks to the introduction of effective tools in modern information technologies, which allow simulation of the process of production and supply, calculate the time spent and eliminate problematic issues with production, etc. Production planning, the first stage of product creation, is possible through the involvement of modeling. Our work aims to analyze the main stages of creating a simulation model in the FlexSim environment, to determine the interconnected impact of different parameters on the work of individual elements and the technological system in general. The automated technological process is considered as a multi-parameter system where input and output are interconnected. Each element of the process can be defined as a separate model, where the input of the initial data takes place, and at its output, we get the expected action that was programmed. The model created is considered by FlexSim as a system consisting of related parameters. The formed complex of optimal parameters in the production process is applicable, in particular, to the construction industry when solving decision-making tasks.
Keywords:
model; multi-parameter system; information technology; FlexSim
Cement and concrete production using white waste glass from recycled bottles
Jacek Halbiniak
Abstract:
Most researchers focus on using waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in the cement matrix. This article proposes an alternative method of managing waste glass in the concrete industry, as an addition to concrete in the form of finely ground glass powder and as a component of the cement. Waste glass ground into a glass powder was dosed into concrete in quantities of 5 and 10% of the weight of cement while reducing the same amount of fine aggregate. Tests that were carried out on three concretes (including a control concrete) included compressive strength, water penetration depth and water absorption. Pre-shredded waste glass from white bottles was also ground together with previously burned Portland clinker. The glass was dosed in quantities of 6 and 12% of the weight of clinker. In this way, two types of cement were obtained: cement with the addition of waste glass and the control cement. Tests carried out included compressive strength after 2, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days, the beginning of cement setting time and its grinding degree. An analysis of the obtained test results confirmed the possibility of using waste glass in a way other than previously proposed. Concretes including fragmented glass from bottles have obtained satisfactory results of compressive strength, water absorption and penetration. Cements obtained as a ground mixture with waste glass were characterized by much better mechanical parameters compared to the control sample cement.
Keywords:
glass recycling; concrete; cement; white glass
The impact of sulfuric waste on the properties of concrete composites
Paweł Helbrych
Abstract:
The article presents the results of tests on compressive strength, bending tensile strength and frost resistance for concrete with a content of 24% to 36% of sulfur polymers derived from the purification process of copper and other non-ferrous metals. The article presents that the addition of 28% sulfur polymers to a sulfur concrete mix is optimal. The obtained results of the research allowed the researchers to indicate areas of application of this type of concrete. In addition, the article presents the technology and method of making sulfur concrete, focusing on the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of this type of concrete. The problem of industrial waste recycling was discussed and sulfur concrete was indicated as one of the ways to reuse waste sulfur for the construction of road surfaces loaded with traffic and industrial floors exposed to an aggressive environment.
Keywords:
concrete composites; sulfur waste recycling
Damian Jończyk
Abstract:
Due to the favorable properties, composite materials are increasingly used in construction. Especially, they are often used to reinforce structural elements made of traditional building materials. The article presents numerical calculations of glued laminated timber beams reinforced with CFRP fiber composites in the form of tapes and bars, used in a different geometrical arrangement. The analysis was performed in the linearelastic range in the ANSYS program. Based on numerical calculations, it was determined that the most effective method is strengthening using a horizontal tape pasted between the last and the second last sipe.
Keywords:
glulam; FRP; strengthening; fiber composites
Jarosław Kalinowski
Abstract:
The last stage of grinding concrete surfaces is performed by floaters with solid grinding discs, where the working element consists of a solid wheel. The working element uses the full surface of the disc, ensuring maximum geometrical effectiveness. The disc rotates around its center and at the same time, it is in a steady progressive movement. The effectiveness chart Sg for the solid disc with common kinematic parameters has a local minimum at the inside and zero values on the edges of the machining area. Increasing the effectiveness of the machining at the edges is accomplished by overlapping areas of machining in subsequent cycles. Increasing the local minimum effectiveness can be achieved by applying a two-element disc consisting of concentric machining elements - ring and wheel. Optimal selection of the rotation speed and wheel radius gives better uniformity of two-element disc machining in comparison to the solid disc. The grinding uniformity of areas with widths smaller than the diameter of the disc can be achieved by machining them with the biggest effect uniformity area of action. The best effect can be achieved by using both methods at the same time.
Keywords:
geometric effectiveness; floating; concrete; optimalization
Elimination of Legionella support factors in plastic pipes
Daniela Kaposztasova, Zdenek Pospichal, Zuzana Vranayova
Abstract:
The main aim of this paper is to present the results of the influence comparison of biocides on hot water polypropylene pipes as a part of a longtime investigation on the sustainable and safety of buildings. There are a lot of guidelines that have linked water distribution systems as an infection source and methods on how to eliminate Legionella from water systems. The presence of bacteria in the technical systems of buildings causes contamination, which may be very dangerous if there are good conditions for multiplication. The basic point is the occurrence of biofilms on the walls of distribution pipes as well as material impact. The investigation in the targeted hospital brings together interesting results from a combination of technical solutions and the dosing of biocides and their effect on the inner surface of pipes.
Keywords:
Legionella contamination; pipe material; water systems; technical solutions; biocide
Numerical analysis of the stability of a two-story building made using a light steel skeleton frame
Mariusz Kosiń
Abstract:
The article presents a numerical analysis of a single-family house made using the technique of a light steel skeleton frame. Numerical models were prepared for the adopted building, which was subjected to stability analysis using the Robot Structural program. The analysed construction lists possible loads that occur in accordance with applicable standards. In addition, a bending - torsional analysis was performed for the separated part of the external partition. This analysis was performed in the Ansys 18.1.1 Academic Research program. Based on the results obtained, the impact of the considered models on the stability of the building body and the torsion angle of selected elements of the vertical partition were assessed.
Keywords:
light steel skeleton; FEM; thin-walled elements
Retaining wall constructed of reinforced soil with geotextiles in passive technology
Wiesława Kosmala-Kot, Michał Pilch
Abstract:
This paper presents the reinforced soil technology used for building of retaining structures. Two types of retaining walls, divergent in terms of cooperation of reinforcement and cladding, have been described. Both types, passive and active walls have been discussed and their pros and cons have been listed. Passive wall examples (photographs) have been presented based on E30 railway line from Krakow Glowny to Rudzice.
Keywords:
reinforced soil; passive wall; cladding of the retaining wall3
Reduction of the dynamic mechanical impact in Fert floors with rubber filling
Krzysztof Kuliński
Abstarct:
In this paper, a reduction in the dynamic mechanical impact in Fert ceiling blocks with rubber filling is discussed. The research is conducted with the use of numerical methods based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). In order to observe the mechanical wave propagation in the form of stress plots, ADINA software is used. The analysis is performed with the use of a dynamic explicit module. Three different configurations of Fert concrete blocks are analyzed: Fert 40, Fert 45 and Fert 60. It is assumed that each block is subjected to a dynamic compressive pressure load applied to the top surface. The boundary conditions applied to the blocks represent simplified support on the concrete joists. In order to check how the rubber filling changes the mechanical wave energy transfer, blocks with and without rubber filler are analyzed. Through the analysis, it is shown that the larger the block size with rubber filling, the higher the reduction of mechanical wave energy transfer. Owing to that, the height of the insulation layer could be reduced to keep the same acoustic insulation parameters. On the other hand, the proposed rubber fill raises the overall mass of the blocks, which may negatively affect the ceiling bearing capacity.
Keywords:
rubber filling; ceiling blocks; dynamic impact reduction; concrete-rubber; explicit analysis
An innovative solution for constructing an iron-concrete monolithic dome
Irakli Kvaraia, Inga Iremashvili, Adam Ujma, Archil Phirosmanishvili
Abstract:
The paper provides an innovative – simplified and economical – method for constructing a dome-shaped roof that has become quite an urgent issue due to the development in the field of construction as well as large-scale ongoing construction of churches, monastery buildings, necropolis and other domed buildings over the last years in recent years in Georgia and other countries. With respect to construction, as compared with straight-line roofing concrete and framework consumption for constructing a dome is less by approximately 25÷30%. Besides, dome-shaped roofing provides a great number of opportunities to make various architectural solutions as well as enables to maintain the architectural traditions established over the centuries. However, construction of a monolithic dome technologically is quite a complex and timeconsuming process that in the first place is explained by the fact that an appropriate mold is necessary to create before. It describes a completely innovative construction of a molding system of the dome of 12 m in diameter with thin-shielded molds in levels and with an original solution of connection and fixation of the curved edges of the cathedral the second in size in Georgia on Mount Makhata in Tbilisi being under construction. As a result, along with significant saving of materials an unmolding process of the dome after it has been composed and concreted has been extremely simplified. It has been found out that by thinshielded molds it is possible to compose separate load-bearing elements of various complexity and configuration included in the molding system. Also, the process of joining in thickened blocks of the abovementioned elements as well as their mounting and firm fixation has been simplified. It should be noted as well unlimited possibilities of increasing extremely the features of their toughness by adding the edges of simple hardness. And what is more important, use of standard materials and molding devices significantly reduces labor and material consumption connected with formation of molds.
Keywords:
dome-shaped roofing; molding system; thin-shielded molds
Andrzej Kysiak
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to analyse methods of technical diagnostics regarding energy saving and appropriate insulation of building partitions in large-area buildings. The issue of thermovision measurements and air tightness of buildings as well as problems related to energy performance calculations were presented. It also discusses the results of the housing tightness tests and thermovision measurements using drones made as part of the thermal insulation assessment of the shopping center building envelope elements.
Keywords:
building diagnostics; automated inspections systems; air tightness tests
A comparative analysis of the load capacity of riveted and resistant welded joints
Piotr Lacki, Judyta Niemiro-Maźniak
Abstract:
There is a growing development in techniques that use thin-walled elements in construction and other industries, which is dictated primarily by the demand for lightweight, load-bearing structures, that are simple to manufacture and assemble. The paper presents selected methods of joining thin-walled metal structures. Experimental studies of the load capacity of resistance welded joints and riveted joints were carried out for the thickness of 0.8 mm. Graphs detailing the forces and displacements in the tested joints are shown and the method of sample destruction is presented. As a result of the tests, it was concluded that resistance welded joints achieved a load capacity of about 118% greater than the load capacity of riveted joints.
Keywords:
thin-walled structures; resistance welding; riveting
Massive concrete constructions - problems and tasks for a technologist
Bogdan Langier
Abstract:
The article presents fundamental issues related to the construction of massive concrete structures. The specific nature of the dangers associated with concreting and aspects of binder selection for the concrete mix were described. Metallurgical cement has been characterized as a component of massive concrete constructions. It was pointed out that cements containing a high content of granulated blast furnace slag allow the mitigation of the risk of early thermal cracking in concrete, and gives the possibility of obtaining concrete with high durability. The use of metallurgical cements is also a pro-ecological activity that reduces the release of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
Keywords:
massive concrete constructions; heat of hydration; thermal stress; metallurgical cement
Maintaining thermal comfort and air quality in buildings
Anna Lis
Abstract:
Maintaining the proper indoor microclimate and the correct level of thermal comfort is extremely important due to the impact of the surrounding environment on people's satisfaction, well-being, health, and work. This problem is particularly important in rooms where children spend long periods as the environment has a stronger influence on their still-developing organisms. The study assessed the microclimate parameters, the state of human thermal comfort, and the level of carbon dioxide concentration, as well as the maintained levels of comfort and air quality after the application of improvements aimed at rationalizing heat consumption in educational buildings. The results of basic thermal and personal microclimate parameter measurements, as well as carbon dioxide levels, were presented. The assessment of human thermal comfort was based on measured values, the Predicted Mean Vote, and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied. The average rating of thermal comfort in the observed environment was within the acceptable comfort zone, but high concentrations of carbon dioxide indicates low efficiency of the ventilation system.
Keywords:
indoor microclimate conditions; carbon dioxide concentration; thermal comfort; PMV and PPD indicators
Piotr Lis
Abstract:
The communal and living sector, a sub-sector with the majority share of residential buildings, on average accounts for approximately 41% of the total energy consumption in the European Union. Due to this fact, the buildings sector has a significant potential for improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings and thus significantly reducing the emission of air pollutants. One way is through thermal modernization. This article presents the expected energy and environmental effects of measures that modify existing residential buildings to conform to the requirements expected to come into force in Poland in 2021. It has been assumed that the energy demand for heating buildings will be limited to 55 kWh/(m2year) for multi-family residential buildings and 60 kWh/(m2year) for single-family residential buildings. The calculations show that it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of heating residential buildings by over 70%, which will result in a reduction of total air pollutant emissions from home heating when compared to 2011.
Keywords:
energy consumption; heating buildings; air pollutant emissions; residential buildings
Наталья Лазовская
Abstract:
The article discusses the development trends of design and construction of residential buildings from precast concrete in the context of the main directions of the state housing policy of the Republic of Belarus. The methods of creating the architectural expressiveness of large-panel residential buildings are analyzed on the example of the city of Minsk and the Minsk agglomeration. Proposals are being made to create accessibility of public spaces for residential buildings for people with disabilities. The role of a specialist - architect in the formation of the individual appearance of residential buildings and residential complexes, based on the use of standard elements, is determined.
Keywords:
residential buildings; precast concrete; industrial housing construction; architecture; accessibility
Izabela Major
Abstract:
The paper presents a numerical analysis of mechanical wave propagation in the spatial structure of a steel grid with a rubber filling. Steel was adopted as an isotropic linear material while rubber was modeled as a Zahorski incompressible material. A properly prepared structure can reduce the dynamic effects resulting from mechanical wave propagation. Results obtained from the numerical analysis allow us to assess the impact of the material used with the dynamic interactions in the analyzed grid with a rubber filling. The results of the numerical analysis were presented graphically. Wave phenomena have been modeled using ADINA software.
Keywords:
steel grid; wave phenomena; rubber
Maciej Major
Abstract:
The paper presents a numerical analysis of the propagation of a disturbance in the form of a mechanical wave caused by a concentrated force applied perpendicular to the plane of the wall fragment analyzed in the work. Numerical tests were carried out on a numerical model of concrete blocks with rubber filling and on hollow concrete blocks, as a reference model. The impact of using concrete-rubber hollow bricks on effective stress values obtained in two time steps was assessed. Stress distributions are presented graphically in two perpendicular cross-sections of the wall (vertical and transverse) at the location of the application of the declared concentrated load. The results obtained are summarized in the table. The rubber used as the filling was modeled as Zahorski’s hyperelastic material. A numerical analysis was performed in the ADINA program.
Keywords:
FEM; composite wall; ADINA; hyperelastic material; rubber; damping
An analytical and numerical assessment of the load capacity of the K-joint of flat steel trusses
Jacek Nawrot
Abstract:
The study assesses the load capacity of the K-joint of flat steel trusses made from hollow sections. Two cases were considered: an unreinforced joint and a joint with reinforcement in the form of a pad welded to the belt. Analytical calculations were made for the analyzed cases, based on which, the load capacity of the considered joint was determined (before and after strengthening). A numerical model of the analyzed connection was prepared, and then the stress and strain values in the joint were determined. The obtained results were compared with the results of the analytical calculations. It has been shown that the analytically determined joint load capacity (as the maximum allowable load that does not damage the joint) is less than the allowable load capacity obtained on the basis of the numerical calculations. Estimation of the load capacity of the joints made from hollow sections, based on an analytical approach, allows for the safe design of welded truss contacts, however, in some cases it can lead to an underestimation of the load capacity of the joint.
Keywords:
truss girders; joints resistance; K-joint
Examining the reinforcement of a reinforced concrete industrial chimney
Beata Ordon-Beska
Abstract:
The article exams the walls of a reinforced concrete chimney with a rectangular cross-section in Huta Częstochowa. A Ferroscan Hilti FS10 was used for the test. An example protocol of the results obtained from the device and several graphical images of the reinforcement signal are presented. Despite significant wall damage, the measurements were carried out with success. An orthogonal reinforcement solution was found. Bars in both directions differ significantly in diameter. Considerable density changes of the reinforcement in the corner zone were recorded in both the vertical and horizontal direction. As a result of the test, considerable carelessness in the reinforcement execution was observed, which manifested in a variety of cover and deviation of the reinforcement direction from the designed one. The conclusions state that a control forging the concrete up to the reinforcement and measuring the diameter of the reinforcement is necessary for the proper testing of the reinforcement using the electromagnetic method.
Keywords:
reinforced concrete; diagnostic investigation, electromagnetic method; reinforcement
Witold Paleczek
Abstract:
Formulas approximating depressions in the area were presented. These functions are from Knothe-Budryk theory. Mathematical formulas are for use in three-dimensional problems. The differences of results obtained from integral formulas and approximating formulas were compared. The presented solutions are used in modeling deformation of mining areas. The proposed solutions do not require the use of integral calculus, but equivalent accuracy is maintained.
Keywords:
rock mass deformation; modeling; integral and approximation formulas; Knothe-Budryk theory; construction in mining areas
Krzysztof Pawłowski
Abstract:
Achieving the requirements for buildings with low energy consumption is a complex process covering issues in the field of architectural design, general construction, building physics, and construction installations using renewable energy sources (RES). The article presents the principles of designing the exterior wall elements, taking into account the heat flow in the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) field in terms of heat and humidity requirements. The physical parameters of selected joints of external walls were determined using TRISCO-KOBRU86 computer program and heat transfer coefficients including linear thermal bridges (2D).
Keywords:
physical parameters; building with low energy consumption; external walls
Чжоу Пин, Нина Кожар
Abstract:
During the celebrations of the 70th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China (October 1, 2019) the successes, achieved in the years of people’s power, in all areas of the people’s life and economy were repeatedly emphasized. The desire of Chinese society to preserve the rich culture, historical and architectural heritage of the ancient country was noted. The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of traditions (described in the canon of Kao-Gong-Ji) in the development of Chinese urban planning and modern experience in the protection of architectural monuments (using the example of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Dengfeng cities in Henan province).
Keywords:
the historical heritage; urban traditions of China; the canon of Kao-Gong-Ji; the protection of architectural monuments
Evaluation of EPS concrete by statistical characteristics
Iwona Pokorska-Służalec
Abstract:
Theoretical approach is described for evaluation of concrete by statistical characteristics. The presented method is based on Poisson processes. Examples of statistical characteristics of concrete are shown. The method presented can be used for evaluation of concrete and the subsequent quantitative stochastic design as well as stochastic optimization of concrete.
Keywords:
ESP; Poisson process; statistical characteristics
Zuzana Poórová, Zuzana Vranayová, Lukáš Trakal
Abstract:
The paper describes four experimental roofs located on the building of the library at the Technical University of Kosice and that represent two types of green roofs. The experimental roofs are designed based on research dealing with green roofs and their retention qualities, their impact on the microclimate and the possibility of using rain and gray water that could be filtrated through the media of these structures. The paper describes the world-wide conditions facing the issue of green roofs. The idea of this article is to use a new additive to standard green roof layers - biochar. The paper is intended to serve as a theoretical point of view, but it can also be beneficial in practice and the green roof industry.
Keywords:
biochar; experimental structure; green roof; retention
Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
The article presents an analysis and indicates trends in the development of the load of energy intensity in the implementation and operation of construction works. The need to use electric energy obtained from photovoltaic is indicated with an indication of the directions of evaluation of its development of the use of electricity in building processes in the aspect of access to new technologies.
Keywords:
energy consumption; technological processes; photovoltaics
Properties of gypsum concrete composites with organic fillers in the form of sawdust and shavings
Katarzyna Regulska
Abstract:
This work presents the results of incomplete and full gypsum concrete tests with a sawdust and shavings filler. The main purpose of the research was to determine the impact of the composition of composite mixes and the method of preparation of fillers on the quality of composites, in particular on their strength characteristics. It has been shown that the use of a mixture of sawdust and shavings can be an alternative solution to the use of sawdust as a filler in gypsum concrete composites known from the literature. The physical and mechanical properties of composites with these organic fillers meet the requirements of the industry standard.
Keywords:
construction; properties of gypsum; composites; organic fillers
Aleksandra Repelewicz
Abstract:
Churches built in Poland after World War II can be divided into those that arose before and those after the Second Vatican Council. Due to the ground-breaking importance of the Council for sacral architecture, the so-called „pre-Vatican II” churches differ significantly from those built during later years. Churches built in the Radomszczanski Pastoral District of the Czestochowa Archdiocese in 1945-1966 have been presented in the paper. There are only eight churches of this type, because of the numerous difficulties affecting sacral architecture in the People’s Republic of Poland. The objects were described and analyzed in terms of their style and functionality.
Keywords:
Pre-Vatican II churches; sacral buildings; churches of the Archdiocese of Czestochowa
Lime-hemp composite - ecological material
Piotr Sokołowski, Paweł Kossakowski
Abstract:
The paper presents the possibilities of using industrial cannabis to produce hemp-based cement based on lime binders. The technology of production of hemp concrete as well as processes occurring in the material during its maturation are described. Various construction techniques for building walls using hemp concrete have been presented, as well as the advantages and disadvantages and the environmental qualities of the material.
Keywords:
hemp concrete; lime-hemp composite; hemp houses
Street furniture in urban spaces, taking as an example, the city of Częstochowa
Nina Sołkiewicz-Kos
Abstract:
The article, referring to selected examples, discusses the condition of public spaces in the center of Częstochowa. The author draws attention to locations found along the Avenue of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the center of the city, as well as courtyards, open courtyards and town squares. The author undertakes a critique of the presented examples in terms of architectural and material solutions. In addition, it tackles the topic of perception and acceptance of urban space by individual groups of users. The rest of the article presents the program of workshops organized at the Częstochowa University of Technology. Workshops organized for students concerning the problems related to creating public spaces using small-scale architecture.
Keywords:
architecture; urban planning; public space; design
Ways of providing comfortable conditions in livestock complexes
Nadiia Spodyniuk, Anna Lis
Abstract:
The microclimate in livestock buildings must meet all zoohygienic requirements. The ambient airflow must be uniform in order to prevent drafts. The analysis of the current state of heating and ventilation systems in agricultural buildings showed that the important factor in the design and use of such rooms is the application of energy-saving technical solutions to maintain comfortable conditions. The nature of the velocity field distribution in the area of the exhaust outlet allows the conclusion that the solution used is able to localize the convective component of the infrared emitter, which allows for better heat recovery from the exhaust air. This improves the energy efficiency of such a system. As a result of the studies, graphical and analytical dependencies were obtained to determine the rate of air intake through the outlet. These can be used at the stage of calculating the microclimate parameters for the premises of agricultural complexes.
Keywords:
infrared heating; exhaust outlet; air velocity; isolines
Contractor defects in waterproofing - selected examples
Bartłomiej Stachecki
Abstract:
The article presents topics related to the waterproofing of buildings. At the outset, the basic differences between moisture and water insulation and the scope of their application are explained. A diagram was prepared related to the main causes of defects in waterproofing. An overview of selected examples of performance errors and a description of their occurrence. Examples of photos illustrated by means of analysis showing the effects of incorrectly made insulation. The examples presented are related to the author’s professional experience. In the last presentation of implementation errors created tables of solutions to minimize their occurrence. The conclusions summarize the scope of the refund paying attention to the costs of defects.
Keywords:
waterproofing; contractor defects; defect
Landslide prevention using piles
Николай Шешенев, Юрий Мажайский, Ольга Черникова
Abstract:
The issues of strengthening the earth masses to prevent the formation of landslides were discussed and presented also the theoretical basis and computer calculations of the paired pile structure for stabilization slopes threatened by mass movements. Slope slope modeling can be performed using MES in the Plaxis software package. The construction of double piles (bipiles) allows you to strengthen weak earth masses with rheological properties. The advantage of the proposed solution is ease installation, lower pile foundation depth in the load-bearing layer in relation to driven piles and micropiles, as well as a smaller cross-section of the reinforced concrete pile, which is related to the distribution of loads in the proposed one pile construction.
Keywords:
piles; double piles (bipiles); earth mass; landslides
Modern ways of using urbanistic elements in shaping contemporary public spaces
Malwina Tubielewicz-Michalczuk
Abstract:
This article presents how architects by designing creative and ingenious urban features with sophisticated forms and shapes participate in the shaping of contemporary public spaces. Examples of urban designs located in cities found in the United States and Poland were discussed. Efforts were made to show that urban complexes populated by various types of urban elements, with varied and properly selected colors,textures and materials can enrich a city’s landscape.
Keywords:
urban elements; public space; design
The use of old architectural objects for new functions - a case study
Mariusz Zadworny
Abstract:
The article presents the issues of managing the cubature of buildings that exist for the use of higher education in the Silesian region in the post-war period, particularly focusing on the example of the Częstochowa University of Technology. Based on the author's design and research materials, a selected project is discussed regarding the modernization and extension of the former military coach house for educational purposes. The issue of the possibility of transforming old resources used for military purposes with the transformation into didactic buildings of technical/technological universities is also highlighted. The experimental and eco-energy aspects of the applied design solutions in the field of architecture and construction are also discussed.
Keywords:
facility modernization; architectural and construction design; changing the function of the object; technologies and energy-saving materials
Vibration tests of wall segments as a management control of masonry structures quality
Mariusz Żółtowski, Katarzyna Jeleniewicz
Abstract:
The presented study subjected to the verification of dictated vibration methodology study of building structures degradation in the application to the assessment of vibration energy flow measurements in masonry (brick) segments. Theoretical analysis and practical verification of the information sensitivity testing of proposed measures of vibration processes indicate the wide possibilities of their applications, it is possible to apply the presented methodology in the quality control management.
Keywords:
wall segments; degradation of the condition; vibrations; measure of state
Experimental verification of GFRP pipe elements
Filip Broniewicz
Abstract:
The purpose of the errata is to correct an earlier publication which compares the bending resistance of GFRP tubular elements obtained by means of a standard procedure with the results of tests on actual elements. The tests described in this publication were preliminary tests on composite pipe elements of convergent cross-section intended for the shanks of lighting columns. Therefore, the verification of the calculation procedure contained in EN 40-3-3 standard may not be meaningful.
Keywords:
composites; GFRP; tests; bending strength
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