Application of green infrastructure for pollutant removal from stormwater
Ieva Andriulaityte, Marina Valentukeviciene
Abstract:
Stormwater runoff is a source of water pollution containing a wide range of chemical pollutants and various disease-causing bacteria and viruses that are transported by runoff to water bodies and have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, stormwater treatment should meet the highest standards and contribute to sustainable water resource management. Responding to today‘s environmental challenges and following the Green Deal and Circular Economy’s goals, it is necessary to apply new innovative solutions and infrastructure in stormwater management. Research shows that green solutions might be a potential tool to treat stormwater and to ensure the proper quality of surface water bodies. The article aims to discuss various possible solutions of green infrastructure (rain gardens, green roof, wetlands etc.), which could be applied in future research to remove pollutants (heavy metals, organic compounds etc.) from stormwater. Studies have found multiple benefits of using green infrastructure in order to protect the environment. It is a cost effective, innovative and architectural measure, which promotes economic growth, contributes to climate change mitigation, reduces urbanization impact on the environment and creates recreational and green spaces.
Keywords:
green infrastructure; water pollution; decontamination; ecosystems; wetlands
Facility management using Autodesk Tandem
Andrzej Szymon Borkowski, Julia Sieczkowska, Wiktoria Urbańska, Agata Winnicka
Abstract:
This paper presents the possibilities of using the Autodesk Tandem platform, during the process of managing a construction facility. At the most mature stage of a building's life, i.e. operation, BIM becomes a methodology that can bring concrete benefits to individuals or organisations managing facilities. Currently in Poland, BIM is at an early stage of adoption. Facility managers are often unaware of the advantages of using BIM. With a 3D model saturated with information, effective management is possible, including planning repairs, maintenance or carrying out inspections. This paper summarises the advantages and benefits of using BIM from the perspective of a facility manager, in this case a residential, single-family, detached building with specific energy-saving solutions that require ongoing management and periodic inspection.
Keywords:
BIM methodology; Autodesk Tandem; digital twin; facilities management
Analysis of the use of a hexagonal tubular section in a beam using the finite element method
Anna Jaskot
Abstract:
A static and strength analysis of a simply supported steel beam with a special cross-section has been described in this work. The system has been subjected to a static load. On this basis the basic strength parameters of a beam with a hexagonal tubular section compared to a beam with a circular tubular section have been determined. The analysis consisted of assessing the possibility of using the proposed beam with a particular emphasis on the limitation of deflection compared to a beam with a circular tubular cross-section. The analytical calculations of the deflection and results from a program used for numerical calculations by the finite element method have been included. The values of reduced stresses and strains were compared according to the Huber von Mises hypothesis. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the use of a hexagonal cross-section is more effective than the comparison beam due to its smaller deflection. The conclusions also indicate the direction of further research.
Keywords:
deflection; hexagonal cross-section; simply supported beam; closed tubular profile; FEM
Methods for assessing the degree of destruction of concrete structures after a fire – review
Damian Jończyk
Abstract:
The article presents an overview of methods for assessing concrete structures after a fire. The method of concrete behavior during a fire is described and an algorithm for assessing the load-bearing capacity of the structure after its occurrence is given. The types of tests presented were divided into three groups: non-destructive, partially destructive and destructive. The most frequently used methods from each group are discussed. In addition, the most modern, but not yet widely used, methods were mentioned.
Keyowrds:
concrete structures; fire; non-destructive methods; destructive methods
Jarosław Kalinowski
Abstract:
The troweling process increases the functional properties of the treated concrete surface. The final troweling process is most often performed using disc trowels with four working elements in the form of blades similar in shape to a rectangle. In this work, a disc trowel with a diameter of 600 mm was selected as an example. Six commercially available blades with different geometries were compared in terms of machining uniformity. Through the simulation process, the values of geometric efficiency were determined for each type of blade and the optimal overlaps of the disc movement paths on the right and left sides were determined in order to obtain the best uniformity of machining determined by minimizing the standard deviation index of geometric efficiency.
Keywords:
troweling; concrete; geometric efficiency
About one problem of finding equal strength contour inside a viscoelastic rectangle
Giorgi Kapanadze, Gela Kipiani, Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
The problem of finding an equal-strength contour inside a viscoelastic rectangle according to the Kelvin-Voigt model is considered. It is assumed that constant normal compressive forces with given principal vectors act on the sides of the rectangle (or the values of constant normal displacements are known), and the inner boundary (the desired equal-strength contour) is free from external forces. The methods of the theory of conformal reflections, Cauchy type integral and boundary value problems of analytic functions are used to study the plate bending problems discussed in the paper. Which in turn are based on the task of constructing a conformally mapping function on a doubly linked circular ring bounded by broken line. The latter is reduced to the Riemann-Hilbert problem for a circular ring based on the solution of which it becomes possible to present the mentioned function in a defective form. It is worth noting that when considering mixed problems of plate bending for doubly connected areas bounded by broken line, it is possible to decompose them into two independent problems, each of which is a Riemann-Hilbert problem.
Keywords:
Kelvin-Voigt model; Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formulas; Riemann-Hilbert problems; Volterra equation
A study of basalt-composite reinforcement of Georgian production and standard preparation
Tamaz Khmelidze, Vladimer Kikadze, Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
Analyzing the development of the modern construction industry clearly shows the steady increase in the share of load-bearing and enclosing structures made based on building materials obtained by new technology. Polymer-based composites have a special place in this range of materials. The use of composite materials in construction can solve such important issues as reducing operating costs and the mass of buildings, improvement of technical characteristics of structures, serviceability, strength, deformation, thermal insulation, operational properties, etc. The advantage of composites include: the construction of structures, elements and details with predetermined properties that meet working conditions and requirements. The variety of fibers and matrix materials, as well as the optimization of reinforcement schemes used to create the composite structures, give the engineers complete freedom to adjust the properties of the composite material accordingly at the expense of changing the component ratio and macro-structure. Hundreds of thousands of natural (non-composite) and artificial materials are now known. However, they can no longer meet the increased demands.
Keywords:
composite; Georgian basalt; armature
Review of an occupational risk assessment at a construction site
Robert Kruzel, Joanna Fik, Tomasz Dembiczak
Abstract:
For years, the construction industry has been characterized by a high number of accidents at work, often with serious or fatal consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new solutions and improve the existing ones in the area of accident prevention. Ensuring an appropriate level of safety in the construction industry is determined by properly targeted risk prevention activities and occupational risk assessment at individual positions. As indicated by the data of the National Labour Inspectorate, the correct performance of occupational risk assessment is often problematic for employers. This study aims to present the methodology of occupational risk assessment for selected positions in the construction industry and to emphasize the role of occupational health and safety in this sector of activity.
Keywords:
occupational risk assessment; occupational health and safety at the construction site
Krzysztof Kuliński
Abstract:
In this paper the derivation process of motion equations and boundary conditions for a slender mechanical system on the basis of Hamilton’s principle is presented. In order to apply the Hamilton’s principle, first of all it is necessary to define appropriate general variables that describe the motion of the considered system. In the case of slender mechanical systems, natural coordinates are usually used, which are well suited to the system geometry and its motional characteristics. Based on Hamilton's principle, an appropriate action functional is constructed, which is the Lagrangian integral covering the appropriate general variables and time. The Lagrangian describes the well-known difference between the kinetic and potential energy of a system. A step by step derivation of a motion equation and supplementary natural boundary conditions in regard to an example of a slender clamped-free column subjected to Euler’s load is discussed. The obtained equation with a set of geometrical and natural boundary conditions gives the possibility to thoroughly analyse both analytically or numerically system dynamics and/or static response. Despite that the discussed method is time consuming and requires advanced mathematical techniques, it makes it possible to obtain exact or approximate motion equations even for complex problems, what can be difficult or even impossible to achieve using other known methods.
Keywords:
Hamilton’s principle; slender system; equations of motion derivation; static and dynamic response; Euler’s load
Thermal cracks of large area insulating glasses
Andrzej Kysiak
Abstract:
On the basis of developed expert opinion on the causes of cracking in large-area insulating glass units, the impact of glass painting, window shading and placing non-ventilated insulating panels on the inside of the glass in close proximity to the formation of thermal stresses in the glass was presented. The principles of determining deflections and stresses in large-area glazing caused by environmental loads are discussed. It has been shown that sticking foil on the glass or applying paint coatings that completely or partially coverthe window can lead to thermal cracking of the glass.
Keywords:
building glass; double glazing; glass cracking; thermal cracks
The use of BIM technology in the design and construction of modular houses
Andrzej Kysiak
Abstract:
The article presents a new trend in sustainable construction through the building of small, cheap and energy-efficient modular houses. The use of BIM technology in developing a model of a prefabricated modular building structure equipped with installations and necessary household appliances was discussed. The benefits resulting from the use of BIM (Building Information Modeling) and VR (Virtual Reality) technologies in the process of designing modular buildings were indicated.
Keywords:
modular houses; small houses; BIM technology
Piotr Lacki, Anna Derlatka, Marcin Kwapisz, Aneta Idziak-Jabłońska
Abstract:
The paper presents the results of experimental research as well as numerical calculations of 3D printouts made using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) made of PLA filament. The aim of the work was to determine the mechanical properties of the printouts. It was observed that the modulus of elasticity of the printouts does not depend on the geometry of the samples nor the direction of the printouts. Conversely, the tensile strength and strains of the prints do depend on the geometry and the direction of the prints in relation to the direction of loading.
Keywords:
print 3D; FFF; tensile test; FEM
A comparative analysis of single-field concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars
Piotr Lacki, Judyta Niemiro-Maźniak, Anna Derlatka, Roman Gąćkowski
Abstract:
Fibre-reinforced composite bars (FRP) are becoming an increasingly common alternative to steel reinforcement in civil structures. The paper presents a comparative analysis of single-field concrete slabs reinforced with steel bars and FRP bars. The tested models differed in the type of reinforcement material and the diameter of the reinforcement bars. The behaviour of slab reinforced with steel bars (SRB) and composite bars made of GFRP, CFRP, BFRP and AFRP were simulated. The numerical analysis was carried out in the ADINA System program, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The obtained distributions of displacements and the development of cracks in the tested elements made it possible to assess the serviceability limit states (SLS) the slabs. The smallest deflections were observed for slabs reinforced with AFRP bars.
Keywords:
FEM; AFRP; BFRP; CFRP; GFRP
Analysis of the strengthening of a bolted connection with end-plates under tension load
Jacek Nawrot
Abstract:
In this work, an analysis of a bolted preloaded connection with end-plates under tension load was carried out. Two variants of the connection were analyzed: before strengthening and after strengthening in the form of additional connectors and horizontal ribs between the end plate and the web of the steel section. Analytical calculations based on the mechanical model of the node (component method) and numerical calculations using FEM were carried out, showing a high correlation between the obtained results. For both analyzed connection variants (before and after strengthening), the distribution of stresses in the contact zone and the reactions in individual bolts are presented. It has been shown that the use of a structural solution to strengthen the existing contact increases the load capacity of the connection by approx. 56%. The influence of the end plate stiffening ribs on the distribution of internal forces in the bolts was also determined. It has been shown that the use of ribs leads to a reduction in the reaction in the bolts, but does not change the value of the maximum stresses in the connection.
Keywords:
bolted connections; load-bearing capacity of the joints; strengthening of steel structures
Machine learning impact on the construction industry: A review of application possibilities
Judyta Niemiro-Maźniak
Abstract:
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has had a huge impact on technological progress in various industries. The complex construction industry is also a very important application area for AI, which is slowly but steadily developing. One of the main artificial intelligence tools that plays a key role in the technological development of construction is machine learning. The use of machine learning in the construction industry gives a number of possibilities, such as automatic detection of objects, defects or anomalies, construction supervision, as well as intelligent protection of structures. The paper explains the issue of machine learning, including deep learning and presents its division. Based on the literature review, examples are given of the use of deep learning in the construction industry in terms of safety on the construction site and defect detection in construction objects.
Keywords:
artificial intelligence; machine learning; deep learning
Przemysław Palacz
Abstract:
Bolted end-plate joints are most commonly used in steel framed structures because they allow quick and easy assembly on the construction site. Bending moments usually occur in prestressed end-plate joints, which means that the bolt connectors may be loaded with additional forces resulting from the summation of the forces from the external load with the forces of initial prestressing of the bolts, which may even lead to the breakage of the bolts. In prestressed end-plate joints, it is important to select the appropriate bolt tightening torque so that the initial prestressing force of the bolts is sufficient to ensure adequate stiffness of the connection while ensuring safe operation. The article presents an analysis of the influence of the prestressing force of bolts in a end-plate joint on the deflection of a steel I-beam and the stress distribution. A finite element numerical analysis was performed for a standard end-plate joint with different bolt pre-stressing forces depending on the use of the bolt yield strength. The results showed that the connection does not behave linearly depending on the value of the selected bolt pre-stressing force, but the greater the force, the stiffer the connection.
Keywords:
steel structure; end-plate joints; bolted connections; connection capacity; FEM analysis
An analysis of methods for determining the fire resistance of building structures
Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
The article presents the method of using materials that increases fire resistancy in metal and wooden structures. Analytical dependencies of the structure's resistance to high-temperature loads resulting from fire are discussed. Recommendations for structural designers to increase fire resistancy are presented, including an analytical method for determining fire resistance in wooden structures by determining the loss of load-bearing capacity.
Keywords:
fire resistance; metal structures; timber structures; estimating of the fire resistance
Academic education in the field of cooperation between science and society
Malwina Tubielewicz-Michalczuk
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to present the educational activities undertaken by the scientific community at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology related to architectural design and spatial and sustainable development. The community contributed to the education of not only students, but also members of the public. The article covers projects conducted by researchers on topics related to construction, architectural design and shaping public spaces. The participants of the classes organized as part of the projects were school students and activities were adapted to different age groups as well as for the residents of Czestochowa and the surrounding area. The age of the participants determined the selection of topics and the use of creative didactic methods. Attractive forms of communication were used to stimulate development from an early age and instil among the whole society an ethos appreciating the quality of architecture and public spaces, the value of the cultural environment and understanding and undertaking activities in the field of architectural and landscape design.
Keywords:
architecture; construction; education; public space
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