Aspects of harmony of the built environment in Petra, Jordan
Ahmad Abuzaid
Abstract:
This paper delves into the aspects of harmony of the built environment in Petra, Jordan. The ancient city of Petra demonstrates a profound harmony between the built environment and the natural landscape, making it an exemplary model for sustainable urban design. This study examines the key aspects of this harmony, focusing on architectural integration, cultural symbolism, environmental adaptation, and aesthetic considerations. Petra’s iconic rock-cut architecture seamlessly blends with the surrounding sandstone cliffs, utilizing natural features to create stable and visually cohesive structures. The sophisticated water management systems reflect the Nabataeans’ adaptation to the arid desert climate, showcasing an innovative approach to resource sustainability. Additionally, the city’s diverse architectural influences, combining Nabataean, Hellenistic, and Roman elements, reflect cultural adaptability and a deep respect for the natural context. Together, these aspects highlight how Petra’s builders achieved a remarkable balance between human creativity and environmental sensitivity, offering enduring lessons in the design of harmonious built environments.
Keywords:
cultural harmony; symbolism; sustainable design; environmental adaptation; visual harmony; aesthetic harmony; spatial planning; urban layout; integration with natural landscape
Real estate recovery as a regional development strategy
Ludmila Boginska, Nataliia Sribniak, Oksana Yurchenko
Abstract:
This study aims to explore the following questions: how military operations affect the level of damage to real estate and how to solve problems associated with the restoration of territories in the post-war period. The purpose of the study is to conduct an analysis, which primarily includes an overview of the current state of real estate in the country. Practical approaches to solving the above problems are considered and justified. A formula has been proposed to calculate the actual cost of housing that considers the risk factor and the risk zones of the territories. Additionally, financing proposals have been presented for restoring various real estate groups. A model for the restoration of real estate in the Sumy region has also been developed, with the focus on new construction. The presented recommendations and proposals correspond to and expand the content of the Program for the Development of Territorial Communities and Country Reproduction Projects until 2027 and the Regional Development Strategy of the Sumy region and its administrative and territorial units. A structural and logical algorithm of the mechanism for the development of real estate transactions in Ukraine has been done, which is used to model strategic planning of regional development, in particular, of Sumy region.
Keywords:
real estate; country restoration; martial law; development strategy
Formulation of the critical lateral buckling moment of a steel I-beam
Anna Derlatka, Shan Gao
Abstract:
The paper presents an analysis of the method of formulation of the critical lateral moment during buckling of an I-beam. Three methods of determining the critical moment were considered: commonly known analytical formulas, the Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2024 program and the finite element method implemented in the ADINA program. The subject of the analysis was the steel beam with a cross-section of IPE 200. Two simply supported beams were considered. The first one was loaded with a concentrated force and the second one was loaded with an evenly distributed load.
Keywords:
I-beam; buckling; FEM; critical lateral bending moment
Assessment of reinforced concrete beams cracking depending on the concrete class
Anna Derlatka, Yassin Ali Jrethi
Abstract:
Cracks in reinforced concrete are a common concern that can arise from various causes such as concrete shrinkage, temperature differences, and structural loads. The aim of the study was an analysis of cracks in concrete on which the reinforcement concrete beam was made. The beam was loaded with an evenly distributed load and subjected to bending. Depending on the concrete class (C20/25, C25/30 and C30/37), the cracks in the concrete, the deflection at a load of 5.35 kN/m2 and the beam’s load-bearing capacity, i.e. the value of the load that the beam can withstand without any cracks were assessed.
Keywords:
reinforcement concrete; beam; FEM; crack
Review of modern methods of timber strengthening
Justyna Dygas
Abstract:
The aim of this review paper is to present modern methods of strengthening timber structures. The first part of the article discusses the characteristics of timber. It needs to be strengthened for several reasons, as described below. The following points describe the strengthening of the components with the use of steel and composite materials. The focus is placed on composite bars, strips and sheets. The materials industry is particularly interested in composites. The work showed their general characteristics and analysed how to use them to reinforce the structure in the best manner. The analysis of the conducted studies suggests that the application of the aforementioned elements is reasonable, and scientists are planning additional research in this domain.
Keywords:
composites; glue joints; load-bearing capacity; reinforcement; timber structures
Irina Iordanishvili, Nodar Kandelaki, Inga Iremashvili, Ani Iremashvili, Aleksandre Iordanishvili, Przemysław Kasza
Abstract:
The article deals with a new type of breakwater bank protective structure made from reinforced concrete called a “Gamma-Block”, the embankment of which is arranged on the abrasive shores of water bodies (reservoirs, lakes and sea) in the zone of wave runup and fall on the slope. The effectiveness of the embankment model on wave damping and slope stability was tested in the hydraulic trough at the Ts. Mirtskhulava Water Management Institute of the Georgian Technical University in Tbilisi. Initial laboratory test results show positive effects of using the new gamma block. The new type of block weighs significantly less than the most commonly used elements while maintaining similar parameters.
Keywords:
erosion; concrete structure; hydrodynamic characteristics
Static analysis of the supporting structure of steel hall racks using the BIM model
Anna Jaskot, Szymon Krawczyk
Abstract:
The static and strength analysis of three variants of the supporting structure of storage hall racks using BIM modeling was presented in the work. Based on the structure model, three variants were adopted, the static diagrams of which were presented in the paper and subjected to the same loads. A comparative criterion was proposed, based on which the most advantageous variant from the point of view of the structure’s operation was selected. The BIM model information exchange was carried out using the IFC format. The analysis of the results and conclusions were included in the paper.
Keywords:
BIM model; IFC; steel structure; static analysis
Temperature distribution during a fire in a glued laminated timber beam with holes
Damian Jończyk
Abstract:
Currently, due to the high requirements regarding the ecology of the solutions used in construction, the use of wood for the construction of structural elements is experiencing a renaissance. Glued laminated wood is most often used for the construction of frame structures. In the case of high beams, it is possible to make holes in the beams to better use the space. Such holes weaken the load-bearing capacity, but they can also cause more unfavorable temperature distributions during a fire, which can result in faster charring of the wood and a decrease in the mechanical properties of the wood. The article presents a numerical analysis of beams with round and square holes. The comparative beam was a beam without holes. The analyzed beams were subjected to a thermal analysis of the time-varying fire load using a heat flux. The gas temperatures were calculated based on the ISO fire curve. The use of holes allowing for the conduction of various installations and the use of space negatively affects the temperature distributions during a possible fire. More unfavorable temperature distributions occur in beams with square holes.
Keywords:
wood; numerical analysis; fire load; openings; fire
Nastassja Kalasoŭskaja, Nina Kazhar
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the buildings of churches and monasteries built in the Minsk region in the Baroque style, which have survived to this day in a destroyed state. The peculiarities of the formation of the architecture of towns are studied, issues of the preservation and restoration of destroyed objects are considered. The architecture of buildings in Dubrovo and Boruny, which were built according to the spatial and compositional principles of constructing religious objects at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, is studied. The stylistic features of each object, formed taking into account the place and time of construction, have been identified. Today there are many Baroque buildings in small towns that are in a dilapidated state. Some of them have been given the status of historical and cultural value and are under state protection. The status of a number of objects has not been determined and causes a number of problems for the local administration during the urban planning transformation of already populated areas. There are many questions when reconstructing an existing building in which historical architectural objects of religious and functional purposes have been erected. The transfer to the use of religious communities of buildings that used to be churches, but were in ruins for a long time, is associated with a large volume of research and restoration work. This makes it necessary to take them into account, compile a historical certificate and consider measures for the reconstruction of surviving buildings. The theoretical basis for the further practice of restoring such heritage sites is historical research and the analysis of architecture.
Keywords:
Baroque architecture; spatial and compositional principles of construction; restoration of religious objects
Jacek Nawrot, Adam Kysiak
Abstract:
This work attempts to determine the state of preparation of construction entities in the Silesian region to use BIM technology in public procurement. The conditions affecting the scope of BIM use were identified and then, based on a survey, it was determined to what extent they were met in the surveyed entities. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the state of implementation and use of BIM among the respondents is unsatisfactory. Less than 20 % of respondents declare full implementation and use of this technology, the rest do not use it at all or use it occasionally. Knowledge of this technology and the ability to use BIM tools are also poor. Less than half of the respondents assess their skills in this field as at least sufficient, and only about 1/3 have access to programs working in the BIM environment, which translates into a small number of projects implemented using this technology. Positive information in the context of introducing the obligation to use BIM in the public procurement sector in 2030 is the period of BIM implementation declared by the respondents in the entities in which they are employed. The vast majority of respondents believe that a period of 3 years would be sufficient to fully implement this technology.
Keywords:
BIM technology; public procurement; Silesian region
Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
The article presents an analysis of the operation of working elements of machines used for the surface treatment of concrete mixtures. The analysis of the phenomena that change the properties of processed materials in the contact zone of the working surface of the machining element and the surface of the processed material allows the determination of the dependencies of the parameters related to the shaping process of concrete surface treatment operations, especially the quality characteristics after processing. Therefore, attention was paid to the advisability of learning about these phenomena in the contact zone of the working element with the processed material in order to develop and select materials for the production of working elements of machines enabling the programming of the quality of the processed surface.
Keywords:
surface treatment of plastic materials; technological transport of plastic material
Inverse problems for stochastic heat conduction with moving boundaries
Andrzej Sluzalec
Abstract:
The paper analyses inverse problems for stochastic heat conduction with moving boundaries due to phase change. In the case of deterministic analysis, the direct problem of such an issue is known as the Stefan problem. The inverse problems may concern the material parameters such as latent heat, thermal conductivity, specific heat which can be assumed to be random as well as stochastic characteristics of the process such as an expression for covariance.
Keywords:
stochastic heat conduction; moving boundaries; inverse problem
Experimental research of deformability of reinforced concrete elements with normal torsional cracks
Nataliia Sribniak, Taliat Azizov, Olena Khomenko, Serhiy Halushka
Abstract:
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of deformability of reinforced concrete elements with normal cracks subjected to torsion. Normal cracks occur in elements of slab-ribbed systems at all stages of their operation. The paper shows the relevance of the proposed experimental research, since the stiffness of elements in torsion affects the redistribution of forces in reinforced concrete floor discs, which are characterised by spatial behaviour. The main characteristics of the deformability of experimental beams with normal cracks under torsional stress are presented. The results of experimental linear displacements of one beam block separated by an artificial crack relative to another are obtained. The dependences of linear displacements on torque at the stages of beam loading with torque are established. The dependences of displacements on torsional moments at different diameters of longitudinal reinforcement and at different heights of the cross-sectional zone without a crack are given.
Keywords:
reinforced concrete; torsion; cracks
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