Efficient mixing of bulk building materials for building structures
Marlena Rajczyk
Abstract:
The study presents an analysis of the efficiency of mixing bulk building materials used in binder-based composites. The research focused on evaluating the impact of mixer blade geometry on the homogeneity of the resulting mixture. Comparative experiments were conducted using traditional straight-blade and newly patented spiral-type mixers operating at 366 rpm. The degree of homogenization was assessed through the mass heterogeneity coefficient for the lightest composite component. Results showed that the innovative mixer design significantly reduced mixing time by approximately 40 seconds and improved the uniformity of the mixture ( < 12 %) compared to conventional mixers. The findings demonstrate that blade geometry plays a critical role in optimizing the mixing process, enhancing material consistency, and reducing air entrainment, which contributes to improved mechanical properties of construction composites.
Keywords:
bulk materials; mixer design; homogenization; mixing efficiency; construction composites
Destruction of the city's architectural landscape and its memory (on the example of Kharkіv)
Olena Remizova
Abstract:
Using the example of the city of Kharkiv in Ukraine, the evolution of the architectural environment of a historical city and its destruction during military operations is considered. It is shown that during social cataclysms, significant changes occur in the structure of the urban environment and architectural language, which is reflected in the appearance of buildings, ensembles and the landscape as a whole. To describe these processes, such new concepts for architectural theory as “architectural landscape”, “cultural memory”, “traces” and their “layering” are proposed. It is emphasized that in the process of forming the authentic landscape of the city, both positive and negative changes occur, which need to be investigated. Identifying their features will allow the development of modern strategies for urban planning interventions in the historical city. Fixing the main structural features of the authentic multi-layered landscape will prevent the destruction of the bright artistic compositions of cultural heritage created over the centuries and help in developing modern strategies for urban planning interventions in the historical city.
Keywords:
evolution of the city; architectural landscape; cultural memory; architectural language; city identity
Application of Design of Experiment (DOE) methods in materials engineering and construction
Judyta Niemiro-Maźniak
Abstract:
Design of Experiments (DOE) is a key tool for the efficient and accurate analysis of technological processes in materials and structural engineering. Unlike traditional single-factor approaches, DOE enables the simultaneous evaluation of multiple variables and their interactions on the mechanical properties of materials and structural elements, while also allowing for comprehensive process optimization. This paper presents the benefits of DOE methods and the basic experiment design phases, from defining the research problem to mathematical modeling and assessment of model fit. In the following section, selected types of DOE plans are discussed, and a literature review is presented that outlines their applications in materials and structural engineering, including welding processes and composite design. The literature analysis indicates that DOE is an effective method and tool for optimizing technological process parameters, predicting material properties, and improving existing processes, including techniques for joining metal structural components.
Keywords:
DOE; regression models; ANOVA; full factorial designs; response surface methodology
Khrystyna Toiabіna, Serhii Maikut, Olena Gumen, Adam Ujma
Abstract:
This study investigates the influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient on plasma parameters in an electron gun with inductive excitation. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, incorporating key processes such as electron impact ionization, argon excitation, plasma heating by RF fields, and secondary electron emission. The emission coefficient was varied from 0 to 0.2, revealing notable effects on plasma behavior. As increased, electron density near the cathode center decreased by approximately 11 %, while the overall ion density grew by about 10 %. Opposite trends were observed in current distributions: the central electron current increased by 11 %, whereas the ion current moderately decreased. A numerical artifact near the symmetry axis was identified and interpreted accordingly. The results confirm the model’s physical consistency and its potential as a basis for simulating combined inductive-magnetron systems. Future work will focus on incorporating magnetron excitation to explore interactions between distinct excitation mechanisms and their impact on plasma structure.
Keywords:
induction-magnetron excitation; cold cathode; hybrid plasma systems; optimization of plasma parameters
Vera Sysoyeva, Olga Sysoyeva, Polina Vardevanyan
Abstract:
This study investigates the environmental transformation of post-industrial cities in Belarus by developing and evaluating spatial models that integrate ecological principles into urban planning processes. The research identifies critical challenges associated with this transformation through case studies of Baranovichi, Soligorsk, and Zelva. The paper introduces diagnostic and modeling frameworks designed to assess urban ecosystems, delineate contact zones, and improve the integration between natural and built environments. Particular emphasis is placed on the redevelopment of industrial zones and specifically coastal areas, using linear, perpendicular, and nodal planning models that facilitate the implementation of green infrastructure, biodiversity preservation, and the adaptive reuse of industrial land. The findings demonstrate how environmentally oriented spatial restructuring can enhance resource efficiency, mitigate environmental impacts, and foster the emergence of new urban identities. The proposed models offer practical tools to advance sustainable development initiatives within post-industrial urban settings.
Keywords:
environmental transformation; post-industrial city; urban model
The multi-criterial beauty of ancient buildings in Jordan
Ahmad Abuzaid, Rafał Wochal
Abstract:
The architectural heritage of Jordan is a testament to the ingenuity and artistic excellence of past civilizations. Evaluating these ancient structures requires a multi-criterial approach, considering their aesthetic beauty, engineering ingenuity, historical significance, and environmental harmony. These buildings, from the rockcarved wonders of Petra to the grand Roman city of Jerash, showcase both visible and hidden beauty – blending artistic craftsmanship with functional design and sustainable practices. Aesthetic excellence is evident
in the intricate carvings, balanced proportions, and the seamless integration of architecture with the natural surroundings. Engineering achievements, such as Petra’s advanced water management system and the precise acoustics of Roman amphitheaters, demonstrate the technical expertise of ancient builders. Beyond their physical form, these structures hold deep historical and cultural significance, preserving the stories, traditions, and innovations of past societies. Additionally, their harmonization with the environment highlights early sustainability principles, such as the use of local materials and climate-adaptive designs. By understanding and preserving these architectural marvels, we ensure that future generations inherit not only physical monuments but also the values they represent. Their enduring beauty and resilience provide valuable lessons for modern architecture, emphasizing the importance of balancing cultural heritage with sustainable development. This study highlights the necessity of protecting Jordan’s ancient buildings while drawing inspiration from their design principles to guide future architectural progress.
Keywords:
ancient buildings; architectural heritage; cultural and historical landmarks; architectural excellence; aesthetic; structural resilience; historical narratives; symbolism; harmony
Application of ultrasonic testing for the quantitative assessment of wood element degradation
Szymon Sawczyński, Piotr Bilko
Abstract:
The article presents the results of research on the possibility of using the ultrasonic method to assess the degree of degradation of wooden cross-sections, illustrated using floor beams originating from a 19th-century timber structure. Samples with various levels of cross-sectional damage were prepared by gradually removing layers of the material. Measurements were carried out in a direct transmission setup using a Pundit Lab+ device. The analysis results indicate a strong, non-linear relationship between ultrasonic wave velocity and the proportion of decayed wood in the cross-section, accurately described by an exponential function. Even a minor degree of cross-sectional degradation leads to a noticeable decrease in ultrasonic pulse velocity. The obtained relationships confirm the high effectiveness of ultrasonic testing as a non-destructive testing method for assessing the integrity of wooden sections, as well as its usefulness in the diagnostics of in-service structures, especially historical ones.
Keywords:
ultrasonic testing; NDT; structural timber; structural diagnostics; wood decay
Analysis of the energy source potential of the Polish economy
Marlena Rajczyk, Jarosław Rajczyk
Abstract:
The Polish energy sector is undergoing a dynamic transformation driven by economic growth, climate policy, and the need to ensure long-term energy security. Historically dependent on coal-based generation, Poland is gradually increasing the share of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaics and wind power, which have recorded rapid growth in installed capacity and electricity production in recent years. Rising electricity prices, technological innovation and regulatory support have further accelerated this transition. However, the variability of renewable energy generation and limitations in energy storage technologies pose significant challenges to grid stability and reliability. In this context, nuclear energy is increasingly considered a strategic component of the future energy mix. Modern nuclear power plants, including advanced fast neutron reactors, offer high energy density, low greenhouse gas emissions and continuous electricity supply. The closed fuel cycle associated with fast neutron reactors significantly enhances fuel efficiency and reduces long-term resource constraints. This paper analyzes the current structure of the Polish energy sector, compares renewable and nuclear energy sources in terms of reliability, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact, and evaluates their role in ensuring sustainable economic development. The results indicate that a diversified energy mix combining renewable sources with nuclear power is essential for maintaining energy security, stabilizing electricity prices and achieving climate goals in Poland.
Keywords:
Polish energy sector; renewable energy sources; nuclear power; fast neutron reactors; energy security; electricity costs; sustainable development
Irina Iordanishvili, Inga Iremashvili, Konstantine Iordanishvili, Adam Ujma, Nodar Kandelaki
Abstract:
The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on new constructions used to protect the abrasive banks of mountain reservoirs from being washed away – the "Modified Hexablock" and "Modified Tetrablock". Their high wave-absorbing ability is established; sustainability is confirmed due to their interdependence; reduction in the height of waves on the slope is proven; and a universal approach to the calculation of the optimal mass of the blocks is given. Currently, there are very few armor units specifically designed to increase their stability by interlocking with adjacent blocks. The "Modified Hexablock" and "Modified Tetrablock" offer a new perspective, suggesting that the stability of armor units can be significantly improved not only by significant weight and effective interlocking, but also by securely interlocking them.
Keywords:
abrasive banks; brack water stock; shaped blocks; "Modified Hexablock"; "Modified Tetrablock"; reservoirs
Mythological images and motifs in the works of Belarusian artist Vsevolod Shvaiba
Tatiana Goranskaya
Abstract:
The article examines the mythological images and motifs inherent in the works of the Belarusian graphic artist Vsevolod Shvaiba2. It shows that the artist’s worldview unites ancient cosmogonic ideas about the Universe and provisions of the physics theory of strings. The master’s works emphasize the desire of humans to systematize the objective reality of modern existence and to find harmony in the world.
Keywords:
mythological image; Makosha; Belarusian art; V. Shvaiba
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